The danger of theories

The term theory tends to evoke for most people the concept of a set of interconnected ideas that are coherent, rigorous, and clear, and from which one may derive explanations of empirical reality. The term theory however also denotes the end of a process of generalization and therefore of closure, even if only provisional. In the construction of adequate or plausible explanations of complex phenomena, proclaiming that one has arrived at a theory often imposes premature closure on scientific activity, and therefore can be counterproductive. The more complex the reality, the more this tends to be true. What I believe it is often better to do in such cases is to explore empirical reality using spectacles that are informed by theoretical hunches but not bound by them.

Immanuel Wallerstein: The Itinerary of World-Systems Analysis, or: How to Resist Becoming a Theory, in: J. Berger, M. Zelditch (eds.): New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory, Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield 2002, p. 358.

The great sociologist Wallerstein on how social sciences should handle theories. I couldn't agree more.